Learning Material 03.A

Relative Clause

Apa itu Relative Clause?

Kita dapat menggunakan "Relative Clause" untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat Bahasa Inggris menjadi satu kalimat atau dengan menggunakan Relative Clause kita dapat memberikan informasi lebih banyak tentang sesuatu yang disampaikan. 

Contoh :

a. 1. I bought a new car. 
    2. It is very fast.

        menjadi → I bought a new car that is very fast. (Perhatikan kata yang hilang pada kalimat kedua bila sudah menjadi satu kalimat)                

b. 1. She lives in Banjar Negara. 

    2. She likes living in Banjar Negara.

        menjadi → She lives in Banjar Negara, which she likes.

Defining and Non-defining

1. A defining relative clause  digunakan untuk menyampaikan tentang Kata Benda  yang sedang                  dibicarakan.

Contoh :

        I like the woman who lives next door.

       → (sekiranya saya tidak menyatakan "who lives next door" maka tidak diketahui "woman" mana yang dimaksud)).

2. A non-defining relative clause  digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang sesuatu yang dibicarakan, akan tetapi informasi ini tidak dibutuhkan untuk memahami kalimat yang dimaksud.

Contoh :

        I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.

         → (setiap orang tahu dimana itu London berada, jadi kalimat "Which has some fantastic parks" adalah informasi tambahan dari Kota London tersebut).        

1.a. Defining relative clauses:

        1) The relative pronoun is the subject:

               Pertama-tama, mari kita pertimbangkan ketika "Relative Pronoun" adalah subjek dari "Relative Clause". Kita dapat menggunakan "Relative Pronoun" 'who', 'which' atau 'that'. 'who' digunakan untuk merujuk orang dan 'which' untuk benda, dan juga 'that' untuk benda Relative Clause bisa muncul setelah subjek atau objek kalimat. Kita tidak bisa menghilangkan "Relative Pronoun".

                

            Contohnya (Clause setelah objek kalimat):

• I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
• She has a son who / that is a doctor.
• We bought a house which / that is 200 years old.
• I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later.

                Contoh lainnya (clause setelah subjet kalimat):

• The people who / that live on the island are very friendly.
• The man who / that phoned is my brother.
• The camera which / that costs £100 is over there.
• The house which / that belongs to Lioney is in Singapore.

            2) The relative pronoun is the object:

                 Selanjutnya, mari kita bahas ketika "Relative Pronoun" adalah objek klausa, maka dalam hal ini kita bisa menghilangkannya jika kita mau. Sekali lagi, klausa bisa berada setelah subjek atau objek kalimat. 

                Berikut beberapa contohnya:

               a. Clause setelah Object

• She loves the chocolate (which / that) I bought.
• We went to the village (which / that) Sandra recommended.
• Ismail met a woman (who / that) I had been to school with.    
• The police arrested a man (who / that) Yunus worked with.

               b. Clause setelah subject

• The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen.
• The university (which / that) she likes is famous.
• The woman (who / that) my brother loves is from Egypt.
• The doctor (who / that) my grandmother liked lives in Abu Dhabi.

2. a. Non-defining relative clauses:

         Dalam hal ini tidak digunakan 'that' pada non-defining relative clauses, jadi yang diperlukan adalah 'which' jika kata ganti tersebut merujuk pada sesuatu benda, dan 'who' jika merujuk pada seseorang. Kita tidak dapat menghilangkan 'Relative Pronoun' dalam klausa semacam ini, meskipun kata gantinya adalah subjek dari klausa tersebut.

        1). Clause setelah subject

• My boss, who is very nice, lives in Macassar.
• My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars.
• My bicycle, which I've had for more than ten years, is falling apart.
• My mother's house, which I grew up in, is very small.

        2). Clause setelah object

• Yesterday I called our friend Yuli, who lives in Bandung.
• The photographer called to the Queen, who looked annoyed.
• Last week I bought a new computer, which I don't like now.
• I really love the new Chinese restaurant, which we went to last night.

Prepositions and relative clauses

Jika kata kerja dalam 'Relative Clause' membutuhkan preposisi, maka diletakkan di akhir klausa:

Contohnya:

1.listen to

The music is good. Julie listens to the music.

→ The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.

2. work with

My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman.

→ My brother met a woman (who / that) I used to work with.

3. go to

The country is very hot. He went to the country.

→ The country (which / that) he went to is very hot.

4. come from

I visited the city. John comes from the city.

→ I visited the city (that / which) John comes from.

5. apply for

The job is well paid. She applied for the job.

→ The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

Relative Pronoun :

1. Whose

'Whose' selalu menjadi subjek dari 'Relative Clause'  dan tidak dapat diabaikan. Ini menggantikan posesif (kepemilikan), dan bisa juga digunakan untuk orang dan benda.

Contoh :

1) The dog is over there. The dog's / its owner lives next door.

→ The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.

2) The little girl is sad. The little girl's / her doll was lost.

→ The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.

3) The woman is coming tonight. Her car is a BMW.

→ The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.

4) The house belongs to me. Its roof is very old.

→ The house whose roof is old belongs to me.

2. Where / when / why

Terkadang kita menggunakan "Kata Tanya" ini untuk menggantikan "Relative Prounoun" atau Kata Depan (Preposisi)

Contoh :

1) I live in a city. I study in the city.

→ I live in the city where I study.

→ I live in the city that / which I study in.

→ I live in the city in which I study.

2) The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar.

→ The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.

→ The bar in Barcelona that / which I met my wife in is still there.

→ The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.

3) The summer was long and hot. I graduated from university in the summer.

→ The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot.

→ The summer that / which I graduated from university in was long and hot.

→ The summer in which I graduated was long and hot.

Contoh lainnya untuk "Relative Clause Sentences" :

1. A lion is an animal. It is very strong. 

  - A lion is an animal which is very strong .

2. A novelist is a person. He writes novels. 

   - A novelist is a person who writes novels.

3. A bottle opener is a device. It opens bottles 

   - A bottle opener is a device which opens bottles.

4. The girl speaks Chinese. Her mother write poems. 

   - The girl whose mother writes poems speaks Chinese.

5. A detective is someone. He discovers the truth about crimes. 

   - A detective is someone who discovers the truth about crimes.